06/04/2013

grab the world by language

 Place : Ir. Soekarno's buliding 5th floor

I'm just an ordinary girl, but I want to make an extraordinary thing.
I know I'm not skilled yet in foreign language, but I'll try as strong as possible.
I want to make my parents proud of me, I hope I can reach my aspiration and become a success person.

I'm a student in State Islamic University of Malang. I choose Islamic Bussiness law, why ? because I like Islamic Law (Fiqh) deeply and economic also.
The new departement in Sharia.
Although it sound very strange by society, I'm sure that the graduated from this departement can be needed by state, *aamiin 

Studying language coincide with islamic law is very difficult. Moreover, if I study about Indonesian Law, there isn't or maybe rarely, some reference that used English or Arabic. So, I must translated firstly before I do my task.
But, actually I prefer to study by Indonesian book than foreign language book. Because I can understand the substance of material and I aware, I am Indonesian, and I proud of it :)

As we know that recently, the world face globalization. To make a relation with another people in foreign, we must understand their language. So, it can be add our knowledge and experience. It is one of my motivation to study foreign language. Then, I want to travell around the world. Visiting some wonderful places, eating some special food of each country, and meeting  some unusually intensive people !

So, I motivate you to occupy of studying foreign language, because it will be usefull to your life, moreover if you want to be academician :)
Keep fight and never give up !


22/03/2013

Istishab



CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A.    BACKGROUND
Islam is a complete and detailed religion from law side. Everything has been arranged by Allah in the Qur'an and Prophet in the Sunnah. Quran and Sunnah are the highest sources of Islamic law, because it is certain and there is no doubt inside. From these two sources, so Islamic law explored and found to regulate the lives of God's creatures in the world.
To find and establish Islamic law, scholars mobilize all the ability of his reason, which is commonly referred to ijtihad. In doing ijtihad, scholars formulate some methods. Qiyas method is considered the most powerful and high quality. If the results of these methods agreed by all scholars, it is called ijma'.Qiyas and ijma' are the argument that agreed by all Islamic scholars.
There are several methods of ijtihad which not all scholars agree. Among them are: Istihsan, Maslahahal-mursalah, Istishab, 'Urf, Syar'u man qablana, etc. In this paper will be presented in one of the methods of ijtihad, it is Istishab, either from understanding, kinds, or it’s proofing.

B.     THE FORMULATION PROBLEM
1.         What is Istishab?
2.         How the opinion of scholars about Istishab proofing?
3.         What kinds of Istishab?

C.    THE GOALS
1.         To explain the definition of Istishab.
2.         To identify the opinion of scholars about Istishab proofing.
3.         To explain kinds of Istishab.

08/03/2013

research hadits


A.  PRELIMINARY
Islam as a comprehensive religion, has two sources of law that definitely and clearly, named al-Quran and al-Hadith. The Qur'an is the word of Allah as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad as a revelation, therefore, Qur’an has no doubt in it. Whereas hadith that come from sayings, actions, and decisions of the Prophet, it was transmitted not only to the people who trusted only, but to all those who hear or see it. Therefore, a lot of misunderstanding in the transmission of hadith, and there are also those who deliberately falsified hadith by certain causes. It makes the hadith has many kinds and levels. Hadith that correctly called the saheeh, while the weak called da'eef.
A hadith used for assign a specific legal and become a theorem for the law. Many Muslims are often heard some hadiths, some are even memorize with particular purpose. But, these activities seem less offset by some other, more in-depth knowledge of the intricacies of hadith. Due to study a hadith, it is actually necessary to other sciences in order to determine the value of a hadith and facilitate in understanding it.
So, in addition for fulfilling the assignment of Ulumul Hadith, this study aims to determine the assessment process of  Hadith based seriality of sanad, the quality of the narrators and authenticity of matan and understand the meaning of the hadith. In addition, we may explore again the works of the scholars were very numerous.
Muamalah is a part of the fiqh which has a very broad scope compared to the other branches of fiqh. Muamalah practice specifically evident in the economic activities carried out by the Muslim community. Even today, people who practicing muamalah not only Muslims but also non-Muslims. It is evident that the practice economy which based on Shari'a has many benefits for all parties.
Economics is closely associated with a financial institution, one of the main is bank. Currently, many banks appear based on the principles of Shari'a are commonly called Islamic banks. The fundamental difference between Islamic banks and conventional banks is a system of profit sharing as a source of profit in Islamic banking. The term profit sharing only in Islam, because profit sharing is a method of division of profits in a trust. Not only the profits which is divided equally and as agreed, but also the losses that may result from the practice.
Profit sharing system is closely associated with mudaraba. This contract is one of the types of Musharaka (in the opinion of scholars Hanafiyah). Mudaraba contract become one of the popular and frequently used by the public at this time, as mudaraba can form a partnership between the owners of capital and workers, both of them will get benefit based on mutual agreement.
Mudaraba has been done since the time of Prophet Muhammad, it is evidenced by the several hadith that tells about this muamalah practice. However, it should be examined further as not all status of hadith are saheeh. There is a hadith that da'eef or weak because there are some requirements that are not met as the saheeh hadiths.

25/02/2013

Valas dalam perspektif hukum islam



1.    Pengertian Valuta Asing
Valuta asing dalam istilah bahasa Inggris dikenal dengan money changer atau foreign exchange, sedangkan dalam istilah Arab disebut al-sharf. Dalam kamus al-Munjid fi al-Lughah disebutkan bahwa al-sharf berarti menjual uang dengan uang lainnya. Al-sharf yang secara harfiyah berarti penambahan, penukaran, penghindaran, atau transaksi jual beli. Dengan demikian al-sharf adalah perjanjian jual beli satu valuta dengan valuta lainnya. Valas atau al-sharf secara bebas diartikan sebagai mata uang yang dikeluarkan dan digunakan sebagai alat pembayaran yang sah di negara lain, seperti dollar Amerika, poundsterling Inggris, ringgit Malaysia dan sebagainya.
Jual beli mata uang merupakan transaksi jual beli dalam bentuk finansial yang mencakup beberapa hal sebagai berikut: pembelian mata uang, pertukaran mata uang, pembelian barang dengan uang tertentu, penjualan barang dengan mata uang, penjualan promis (surat perjanjian untuk membayar sejumlah uang) dengan mata uang tertentu, atau penjualan saham dalam perseroan tertentu dengan mata uang tertentu.
Masing-masing dari kegiatan di atas dapat diklasifikasi menjadi dua macam kegiatan, yaitu jual beli dan pertukaran. Sehingga untuk masing-masing kegiatan tersebut dapat diberlakukan hukum jual beli dan pertukaran. Penjualan mata uang dengan mata uang yang serupa atau penjualan mata uang dengan mata uang asing dalam Islam inilah yang kemudian disebut sebagai al-sharf.[1]
Apabila antara negara terjadi perdagangan internasional, maka tiap negara membutuhkan valuta asing untuk alat bayar luar negeri, yang dalam dunia perdagangan disebut devisa. Misalnya, eksportir Indonesia akan memperoleh devisa dari hasil ekspornya, sebaliknya importir Indonesia memerlukan devisa untuk mengimpor barang dari luar negeri.
Dengan demikian, akan timbul penawaran dan permintaan devisa di bursa valuta asing. Setiap negara berwewenang penuh menetapkan kurs mata uangnya masing-masing (kurs adalah perbandingan nilai uangnya terhadap uang asing). Misalnya 1 dolar Amerika = Rp 9.540,00. Pencatatan kurs uang dan transaksi jual beli valuta asing diselenggarakan di Bursa Valuta Asing, money changer, bank devisa dan perusahaan bisnis valas.[2]
Demikian juga misalnya, bila sebuah perusahaan di Indonesia mengekspor barang, misalnya ke Jepang, maka pertukaran mata uang asing diperlukan. Pembayaran oleh Jepang untuk perusahaan Indonesia harus dengan mata uang lokal, rupiah. Sementara importir Jepang hanya memiliki mata uang yen.
Dalam hal ini ada dua kemungkinan yang dapat ditempuh, guna memenuhi kebutuhan transaksi antara eksportir Indonesia dan importir Jepang tersebut. Pertama, bila eksportir Indonesia menagih dalam bentuk rupiah, maka importir Jepang harus menjual yen dan membeli rupiah untuk membayar barang yang diimpor dari Indonesia. Kedua, bila eksportir Indonesia dibayar dengan mata uang yen, maka eksportir Indonesialah yang harus menukar yen itu kepada rupiah.
Kurs mata uang tersebut bisa berubah-ubah, tergantung pada situasi ekonomi negara masing-masing. Islam mengakui perubahan nilai mata uang asing dari waktu ke waktu secara sunnatullah (mekanisme pasar). Bila perubahan itu terlalu tinggi, maka campur tangan pemerintah diperlukan untuk menjaga stabilitas mata uang, karena Islam menginginkan terciptanya stabilitas kurs mata uang.[3]

21/02/2013

ICP (international Class Program)

In my faculty (sharia faculty), there is a class, a special class I mean. Everyone who want to join this class must doing some tests,they are : TOEFL, TOAFL, and interview. I was very nervous to face them. But, I must be brave and confident, and finally I accepted to join this class. :)
Actually, the registrants only a few, so almost of them are accepted. But, I'm sure that they are the chosen students. They have many abilities in languages and subjects.
ICP is International Class Program,while learning and teaching process use two medium languages, English and Arabic. The lecturers also have the highest quality. In UIN Maliki, only two faculties that open up this class, Sharia Faculty and Tarbiya Faculty. The difference of ICP in both faculty : In Sharia Faculty, the class use bilingual, moreover trilingual, English, Arabic, and Bahasa Indonesia, whereas in Tarbiya Faculty, English class and Arabic class are separated, so a student can choose one of them.
As a student of Sharia Faculty, I must mastreing two languages or more. I believe I can do it. Fighting ! :)

And this is my super classmates in ICP :)
Location : In front of Sharia Faculty
Photographer : M. Jamaluddin (he also a member of ICP-HBS), and this is his picture ..

My expectation: my ICP classmates and I can continue the study to abroad later :) Aamiin ..

*ekkiey21*